Tehran municipality, at the lowest level, has been divided to many inner- city areas. If the municipality is going to provide desired services to citizens, it is necessary to design the characteristics of organized inner-city areas. This research is designed to identify the characteristics of organized inner-city areas in Tehran city- based on the benchmarking mechanism. Required data was gathered by interview and data has been analyzed by using Delphi Technique and Content Analysis. The results suggest that 1) to formulate the characteristics of organized inner-city area in city of Tehran, we can use the benchmarking mechanism; 2) to formulate the characteristics of organized inner-city area, the focus must be on both functions and the work processes; 3) the necessity to focus on within industry benchmarking; that is, we must focus on municipalities by using the mechanism of “sister city”; especially, sister city to large municipalities (such as New York, London, Tokyo, etc.).

The purpose of this study is to explain the pattern of spatial distribution of inner city parks with the approach of spatial justice in the city of Sabzevar. The research method is descriptive - analytical. In order to analyze and explain the distribution of spatial patterns statistical methods such as the nearest neighborhood and the city park service network analysis in GIS were used. What distinguishes the present study from the previous research is the study and analysis of the pattern of spatial distribution and the amount of access in different classes of urban parks in various levels of Sabzevar city. The results showed that the functional radius of urban parks in Sabzevar city, at the regional level, specifies the desired functional radius in the central urban contexts, which decreases its desirability by moving away from the city center. Lack of proper distribution of inner city parks in the western part of Sabzevar has reduced the usefulness and performance of regional parks and excessive concentration of these parks in the eastern part of the city has increased the radius of performance and usefulness in the eastern parts of Sabzevar. Inadequate and unjust distribution of inner city parks in different levels of Sabzevar city on the other hand, the disproportion of population and per capita green space have led to intensified unfair distribution of parks in urban areas, districts and neighborhoods because the population is 7088 people with a per capita of 24 m2ie for each person there is 24 m2 of green space and a surplus of green space.

Over the past decades, the declining process of city centers has intensified due to the over relying on modern urbanism based on movement of cars and neglecting to organize pavements what is contrary to the sustainability of the city. The increasing trend towards sustainable urban development has caused urban planners to put forward the theory of new urbanism to save urban centers and the authorities to consider plans in order to pay attention to pedestrians which is one of the dimensions of new urbanism. The present paper also seeks to explore the walkability of the existing streets in the historical texture. In that direction at first, the view of pedestrians, in the form of distribution of 400 questionnaires, has been evaluated in terms of the quality of seven main indicators of walkability, including accessibility, safety, security, furniture, attractiveness, transportation and social activities in the study area. Accordingly, streets in the historical texture has been prioritized using the second type of Promethee technique. Based on a result of this technique, Beheshti, Khajeh Nasir South, Oohadi, Imam Khomeini and Daneshareh streets and so on have the highest level of walkability respectively. The results of this study showed that only 20% of the passages in the historical texture have walkability features.

New Urbanism has been described as the most influential movement in architecture and planning in the United States in the modernism movement.Some argue that new urbanism is the answer to suburban sprawl and the way urban centers were decaying and the simultaneous increase of communities that were fragmented, car-oriented and spread out. In recent years, new urbanism principals have been adopted for many housing and neighborhood planning efforts. New urbanism emphasis on traditional neighborhood design to create sustainable and efficient communities.Traditional neighborhoods design is a set of development practices to create more attractive and more compact communities designed to encourage bicycling and walking for short trips by providing destinations close to home and work, and by providing sidewalks and a pleasant environment for walking and biking.This article has tried to introduce new urbanism movement and its charter and the most important principal of it that are applied increasingly to projects at the full range of scales from a single building to an entire community such as walkability, connectivity, mixed-use and diversity, mixed housing, quality architecture and urban design, traditional neighborhood structure, increased density, public transportation, parking planning, public participation, etc.while the benefits and criticism of the movement have been studied, then new urbanism neighborhood design features and the sequence of design were investigated.The main question of this article is what and how principals of new urbanism can be applied in inner city neighborhoods planning, while the design features and sequence of design should have been taken into consideration.This article concludes that new urbanism principals are consistent with boarder policies aimed at improving living conditions and opportunities for inner city residents.

Introduction: According to the resolution of the Supreme Council of Urban Planning and Architecture of Iran (1384), wear and tear in urban areas was introduced as the reduction of the efficiency of a tissue compared to other tissues of the city, and in the resolution of 1385, only three indicators of instability, impermeability and fineness were limited. But the surveys have identified quantitative and qualitative weaknesses in determining these indicators. Research aim: The ranking of indicators for determining the range of inefficient urban tissues has been done with a case study on the city of Rasht Methodology: This research is applied in terms of purpose and by documentary method. After documentary studies and review of the subject literature, indicators were identified and ranked, and for this purpose, by applying the opinion of 8 experts, two techniques of hierarchical analysis process and preferential prioritization based on similarity to ideal answers were used. After the process of indexing, 22 indicators were explained in connection with the identification of inefficient middle tissues of the cities, and considering the environmental, economic and social conditions of Rasht city and applying the opinion of experts, finally 12 qualified indicators were ranked. Studied Areas: The geographical scope of this research is Rasht city in Guilan province. Results: The inefficiency of the middle tissues of the cities can be determined in five physical, social, functional, economic and environmental dimensions respectively. The five selected indicators include three indicators in the physical dimension: the instability of the urban fabric, the high age of the buildings, the low physical quality of the accesses,And two indicators in the social dimension: poverty and deprivation and crowding and high population density. In the economic dimension, the indicator of unclear ownership was confirmed, and the only indicator of the environmental dimension is the lack of green and open space. Conclusion: Among the physical indicators, the instability of the urban fabric, as the most important indicator, refers to the blocks where more than 50% of the buildings have unsafe structural elements. After that, the high building age index targets blocks that are more than 50% older than 20 years. In the field of accesses, the low physical quality of accesses takes into consideration the neighborhoods in Rasht city where the ratio of the area of the road network to the area of the whole arena is lower than the average of the whole city